Progress means taking ownership of more decisions—not simply using harder tools.
The three pathways describe how independently a learner can frame, build, test and explain a project. They are not rigid age bands.
Explorer is the clearest route when no prior project evidence is available.Explorer: guided investigation
Learners work within a clear brief, notice patterns, make a first model and explain observations with structured prompts. The emphasis is confidence with the learning cycle.
Builder: connected systems
Learners make more design choices, combine two or more technical ideas, plan repeatable tests and use evidence to diagnose problems.
Innovator: independent enquiry
Learners define a bounded problem, select methods, manage milestones, examine ethical limits and defend conclusions using a traceable portfolio.
Placement is a conversation, not a label
A readiness check should consider prior artefacts, independence, communication, safe behaviour and the specific project. Learners may be at different pathways in different directions.
Start with Explorer
Explorer is the clearest route when no prior project evidence is available.