Shared vocabulary

Name a technical idea precisely enough to test it.

This glossary explains how BIAA uses key terms. Definitions are concise learning aids, not exhaustive standards, legal definitions or claims about a particular product.

Use definitions alongside programme pages and research notes.
OPENQUESTION
01 / Question02 / Understand03 / Build04 / Verify
01
BIAA / SYSTEMS

Physical and computational systems

These terms describe how a designed system receives information, changes state and acts.

  • 01Sensor — a component that measures a property and produces data
  • 02Actuator — a component that turns a control signal into physical action
  • 03Algorithm — a defined sequence or method for completing a task
  • 04State — information used to describe a system at a particular moment
  • 05Feedback — information about a result used to adjust what happens next
02
BIAA / INTELLIGENCE

Data, AI and autonomy

These terms help separate a model, its data and the wider human-controlled system in which it is used.

  • 01Dataset — an organised collection of examples or measurements
  • 02Model — a representation used to describe, predict or generate
  • 03Inference — using a model or evidence to produce a conclusion or output
  • 04Autonomy — a system’s bounded ability to choose actions without continuous direction
  • 05Human-in-the-loop — a design in which a person reviews, directs or can override a system
03
BIAA / EVIDENCE

Design and evidence

These terms support careful experiments, fair evaluation and honest communication about limitations.

  • 01Criterion — a quality used to judge whether a design meets its purpose
  • 02Constraint — a limit that a solution must respect
  • 03Variable — a factor that can change or be measured
  • 04Prototype — a version made to explore, communicate or test an idea
  • 05Validation — checking whether evidence supports intended use under stated conditions
  • 06Uncertainty — what is not known, not measured or not reliably predicted
BIAA / NEXT STEP

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Use definitions alongside programme pages and research notes.

Return to the resource library